Dr. William Lee -- Pharmaceutical Payment Report
This page provides a comprehensive transparency report for Dr. William Lee, a Cardiology physician based in Toledo, OH. All payment data is sourced from the CMS Open Payments (Sunshine Act) database. Dr. William Lee has received $2,418.34 in total pharmaceutical industry payments across 1 transactions from 1 pharmaceutical companies.
Physician Profile
The following profile information is sourced from the National Provider Identifier (NPI) registry and CMS Open Payments records.
- Full Name: Dr. William Lee
- Medical Specialty: Cardiology
- Practice Location: Toledo, OH, Ohio
- NPI Number: 1994393953
- Transparency Score: 50/100
- Payment Records Span: 2025-02-11 to 2025-02-11
Payment Summary
Dr. William Lee has received a total of $2,418.34 in pharmaceutical industry payments across 1 recorded transactions in the CMS Open Payments database. The average payment amount is $2,418.34 per transaction.
- Total Payments Received: $2,418.34
- Number of Transactions: 1
- Average Payment: $2,418.34
- Transparency Score: 50/100 -- This score reflects the overall payment profile relative to peers in Cardiology. A higher score indicates fewer or more routine payments.
- Number of Pharma Relationships: 1 pharmaceutical companies
- Drugs/Devices Referenced: 1 distinct products
Payment Breakdown by Category
The following table shows how Dr. William Lee's pharmaceutical payments break down by payment category. Understanding the mix of payment types provides important context about the nature of the doctor-pharma relationship.
| Payment Category | Amount | Description |
|---|
The largest payment category for Dr. William Lee is Speaking & Education, accounting for 0% ($0.00) of total pharmaceutical payments received. This suggests active involvement in pharmaceutical company advisory and educational programs.
Pharmaceutical Company Relationships
The following pharmaceutical and medical device companies have made payments to Dr. William Lee. Click on any company name to view their full physician payment profile and spending patterns.
| Company | Total Paid | Transactions |
|---|---|---|
| Amgen Inc | $2,418.34 | 1 |
Dr. William Lee has a financial relationship with Amgen Inc, receiving $2,418.34 in total. Having a single pharmaceutical company relationship means all payments come from one source, which may indicate a focused consulting or research relationship.
Drugs and Medical Devices Referenced in Payments
The following drugs and medical devices have been referenced in pharmaceutical payments to Dr. William Lee. These references indicate that the payment was related to the marketing, consulting, or clinical use of these products.
- Humira -- Referenced in payment records from pharmaceutical companies to Dr. William Lee
The presence of a drug or device in a payment record means the pharmaceutical company associated the payment with that product. This is common for consulting fees related to a specific medication, speaking engagements about a product, or research involving a particular drug or device.
AI Transparency Analysis
The following analysis was generated by artificial intelligence based on Dr. William Lee's payment history, specialty peer comparisons, and payment pattern analysis. This analysis is not medical or legal advice.
William Lee has received $2.4K across 1 pharmaceutical payments as a Cardiology physician in Toledo, OH. Top paying companies include Amgen Inc ($2.4K). The physician received a single payment totaling $2,418 in 2025. This payment originated entirely from Amgen Inc., representing 100% of the total amount received. The payment was associated with the drug Humira.
Patient Guidance: Questions to Ask Your Doctor
If Dr. William Lee is your physician, here is practical guidance on how to understand and discuss pharmaceutical industry relationships:
As a patient, understand that this physician has received a single payment from a pharmaceutical company, which may or may not influence their prescribing habits. Always feel free to ask your doctor directly about their pharmaceutical relationships.
Peer Comparison: How Dr. William Lee Compares to Other Cardiology Physicians
Compared to other cardiologists, this physician's payment profile is exceptionally narrow, with a single payment from one company for one drug.
Recent Payment Records
The following table shows the most recent pharmaceutical industry payments recorded for Dr. William Lee in the CMS Open Payments database. Click on any payment to view the full report.
| Company | Amount | Type | Drug/Device | Date | Conflict Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amgen Inc | $2,418.34 | general | Humira | 2025-02-11 | Not Assessed |
Frequently Asked Questions About Dr. William Lee's Pharma Payments
Below are common questions patients ask about physician pharmaceutical payment data.
How much pharma money has William Lee received?
William Lee has received a total of $2.4K across 1 payments from pharmaceutical companies. This data is publicly reported under the CMS Open Payments (Sunshine Act) program.
Is William Lee taking too much pharma money?
William Lee has received $2.4K in pharmaceutical payments. Whether this is "too much" depends on the physician's specialty (Cardiology), the types of payments, and how they compare to peers. The largest payment category is general ($2.4K). Payment does not imply wrongdoing, but patients should be aware and can ask their doctor directly.
What pharma companies pay William Lee?
The top pharmaceutical companies paying William Lee are: Amgen Inc ($2.4K). These payments cover various categories including consulting, meals, speaking fees, and research grants.
What kinds of payments does William Lee receive?
William Lee's payments by type: general: $2.4K.
Should I switch doctors because of pharma payments?
Pharma payments alone are not typically reason to switch doctors. Many payments are routine (like meals at educational events) and do not indicate compromised care. Focus on: (1) whether your doctor explains treatment options clearly, (2) whether generic alternatives are discussed, (3) the overall pattern of payments, not individual transactions. If you have concerns, ask your doctor directly.
How do William Lee's payments compare to other Cardiology doctors?
To compare, look at the total amount ($2.4K), number of payments (1), and the types of payments received. Cardiology physicians may receive different payment amounts depending on subspecialty, geographic location, and academic affiliation. Use CMS Open Payments data to compare across the specialty.
How can I verify William Lee's payment data?
You can verify this data directly through the CMS Open Payments database at openpaymentsdata.cms.gov. Search by physician name or NPI number (1994393953). All data is reported by pharmaceutical companies and verified by CMS. DoctorPharmaData aggregates this public data for easier access.
Do pharma payments affect prescribing quality?
Research published in JAMA Internal Medicine and other peer-reviewed journals shows a statistical association between pharmaceutical payments and prescribing patterns. However, correlation does not equal causation. Many physician-industry interactions are legitimate (research, education, advisory boards). The Sunshine Act was created to promote transparency so patients can make informed decisions.
What stands out about William Lee's pharma payment profile?
The physician has a very limited payment history, with only one recorded transaction. William Lee has received $2.4K in total pharma payments.
How does William Lee compare to peers in Cardiology?
Compared to other cardiologists, this physician's payment profile is exceptionally narrow, with a single payment from one company for one drug.
Are William Lee's pharma relationships typical for Cardiology?
The single payment accounts for the entirety of the physician's reported pharma payments.
What should patients of William Lee know about these payments?
As a patient, understand that this physician has received a single payment from a pharmaceutical company, which may or may not influence their prescribing habits.
What patterns are visible in William Lee's payment history?
The physician's payment profile is highly concentrated with a single company and a single drug.
Understanding This Doctor Payment Report
This transparency report for Dr. William Lee is based on data from the CMS Open Payments database, which is maintained by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services under the Physician Payments Sunshine Act. Here are important things to understand:
- Payment does not imply wrongdoing. Many pharmaceutical payments represent legitimate professional activities such as consulting on drug development, speaking at medical education events, and conducting clinical research.
- Context matters. A large payment for conducting a clinical trial has very different implications than a large payment for promotional speaking. The payment breakdown by category above provides this context.
- Peer comparison is important. Whether a payment amount is unusual depends heavily on the physician's specialty, geographic location, and career stage. Cardiology physicians may have very different payment norms than physicians in other fields.
- Data may be incomplete. The CMS Open Payments database captures payments from pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturers. It does not include payments from other sources, such as hospitals, insurance companies, or government agencies.
- Reporting thresholds apply. Small payments below certain thresholds may not be individually reported. The totals reflect payments above reporting minimums set by CMS regulations.
About the Physician Payments Sunshine Act
The Physician Payments Sunshine Act, enacted as Section 6002 of the Affordable Care Act in 2010, requires pharmaceutical and medical device companies to report payments and other transfers of value to physicians and teaching hospitals to CMS. This law was designed to increase transparency in the financial relationships between the healthcare industry and medical providers.
Under this law, Dr. William Lee's pharmaceutical payments are publicly disclosed. The types of reportable transactions include consulting fees, compensated speaking or educational activities, honoraria, gifts, entertainment, food and beverages, travel and lodging, education or conference attendance, research grants, charitable contributions, royalties or licenses, current or prospective ownership interests, and direct compensation for services other than consulting.
The Open Payments data for Dr. William Lee and all other physicians can be accessed at the official CMS Open Payments website.
Related Resources
- Cardiology Specialty Payment Data -- See payment patterns for all cardiology physicians
- Ohio Physician Payments -- Browse pharmaceutical payments to physicians in Ohio
- Cardiology Physicians in Ohio -- Compare Dr. William Lee to peers in the same state and specialty
- Amgen Inc Payment Profile -- View all payments made by Dr. William Lee's largest pharmaceutical partner
- Search for Another Doctor or Company -- Look up any physician or pharmaceutical company in our database
- Official CMS Open Payments Database -- Verify payment data directly with the federal government
- NPI Registry -- Look up Dr. William Lee's NPI (1994393953) in the official provider registry
Data from CMS Open Payments (Sunshine Act). Payment does not imply wrongdoing. AI analysis is not medical or legal advice. Consult your healthcare provider about any concerns.